Abstract
ABSTRACT Composite materials are increasingly being used in a variety of industries due to their superior mechanical properties and low weight. Hybrid composites, which combine multiple reinforcement types, offer even greater performance potential. However, these materials can be difficult to analyse and design due to their complex microstructure and failure mechanisms. This paper reviews the use of modelling methods to study hybrid composites. Multiscale modelling approaches, such as molecular dynamics (MD), molecular micromechanics (MM), and finite element analysis (FEA), can be used to understand the interactions between different phases in these materials and tailor their properties. However, these methods can be computationally expensive and require simplifying assumptions about the microstructure. Digital twin technology, which integrates real micro-nanostructures from imaging and multiscale models, offers a promising new approach for realistic simulations of hybrid composites. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of different modelling methods and provides a roadmap for developing predictive models that can be used for validation and future design.
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