Abstract
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera sensors are embedded in many consumer electronics products: thanks to the Rolling Shutter (RS) readout mode, they can detect a time-varying light intensity, which is the key to realize Optical Camera Communication (OCC). To this aim, we introduce here a model describing the camera as a Real-Time Oscilloscope (RTO) detecting optical signals; by means of this approach, we can now characterize the Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera by means of parameters that correspond to common oscilloscope specifications, such as the frequency response, the noise, the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the total harmonic distortion (THD), etc.; all of these are introduced and measured in terms of the camera parameters. This approach provides for the first time a set of quantitative tools that should be used to maximize the OCC transmission performance by allowing the optimal selection of the camera settings.
Highlights
The Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology has shown a high potential, recently [1]–[8]
We introduce here a new approach to fully assess the impact of camera detection in a Optical Camera Communication (OCC) system: we model the Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera as an optical Real-Time Oscilloscope (RTO)
We introduced for the first time a quantitative method to assess the CMOS camera sensors modelled as a RTO for optical signals
Summary
The Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology has shown a high potential, recently [1]–[8]. Single-color and RGB LED sources were used to implement Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) architectures [18], [19] or WDM systems [20]–[23]; similar systems were demonstrated using screen-to-camera communication systems [24]–[26] , which takes advantage of the detectors array of CMOS cameras All these works focused on the applications of OCC systems, with quite impressive results. We introduce here a new approach to fully assess the impact of camera detection in a OCC system: we model the CMOS camera as an optical RTO. We present a set of measurements that we apply to a CMOS camera and are based on the standard procedure to characterize a RTO [36] This approach allows to characterize quantitatively the performance of a commercial CMOS cameras.
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