Abstract
In road traffic accidents, the analysis of a vehicle’s collision angle plays a key role in identifying a traffic accident’s form and cause. However, because accurate estimation of vehicle collision angle involves many factors, it is difficult to accurately determine it in cases in which less physical evidence is available and there is a lack of monitoring. This paper establishes the mathematical relation model between collision angle, deformation, and normal vector in the collision region according to the equations of particle deformation and force in Hooke’s law of classical mechanics. At the same time, the surface reconstruction method suitable for a normal vector solution is studied. Finally, the estimation model of vehicle collision angle is presented. In order to verify the correctness of the model, verification of multi-angle collision experiments and sensitivity analysis of laser scanning precision for the angle have been carried out using three-dimensional (3D) data obtained by a 3D laser scanner in the collision deformation zone. Under the conditions with which the model has been defined, validation results show that the collision angle is a result of the weighted synthesis of the normal vector of the collision point and the weight value is the deformation of the collision point corresponding to normal vectors. These conclusions prove the applicability of the model. The collision angle model proposed in this paper can be used as the theoretical basis for traffic accident identification and cause analysis. It can also be used as a theoretical reference for the study of the impact deformation of elastic materials.
Highlights
Research into vehicle collisions has rapidly increased with the more frequent occurrence of traffic accidents [1,2]
∑ k i · ε i · λi where λc is the collision surface’s collision angle, λi is the ith collision point’s normal vector, and ε i is the ith collision point’s deformation parameters, which can be regarded as weights
The object of this paper is to study the normal vector of the vehicle collision, and the purpose
Summary
Research into vehicle collisions has rapidly increased with the more frequent occurrence of traffic accidents [1,2]. Equipment, the major producers emphasize different indexes, including ranging precision, ranging scope, data sampling rate, the distance between the minimum point, modeling point positioning accuracy, size of the laser spot, scanning field, laser level, and laser wavelength On the whole, this equipment provides good results, and the original scan data acquired can better express the 3D characteristics of an object. Stamos et al [16] applied the research results to the 3D reconstruction of historic buildings All of these studies show that the vehicle collision deformation information required for accident appraisal can be obtained by laser radar. The proposed model can be regarded as the basic model for calculating a vehicle’s collision angle, and it provides a new reference for ascertaining the cause of a vehicle collision in the absence of surveillance video
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