Modeling the Spread and Control of Viral Infection in Damaged Aquatic System: Emergence of Patterns

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an eco-epidemiological model for prey (free-living motile species, i.e., dinoflagellates) and predator in an aquatic system. The predator’s density is affected by both virus-induced prey and toxicity. The spread of viral infection is taken as simple law of mass, and interaction between prey and predator is described by the Holling type II functional response. Stability analysis of the model system has been studied for spatial and non-spatial systems, and the theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation. It is explored that the aquatic system is very sensitive to carrying capacity and able to generate chaotic phenomena. We have observed the Hopf and transcritical bifurcation scenario for different carrying capacity and transmission of virus contamination. The results show that high carrying capacity affects the aquatic system, and virus also influences the species dynamics. Further, the diffusion-driven Turing instability is analyzed and different hot and cold cluster-based Turing patterns are observed, emphasizing the effect of time variation and virus contamination. The results obtained in this study give a rich dynamics and show that the viruses with poor water quality, high nutrients, red and green algae, toxic substances, etc. are responsible for natural substances demises, aquatic habitats death. In large, it affects the environment and human health.