Abstract
An investigation of shock–particle interactions in reactive flows is performed using an Eulerian hydrodynamic method with a hybrid particle level-set algorithm to handle the material interface dynamics. The analysis is focused on the meso- to macro-scale numerical modeling of a granular metalized explosive containing randomly distributed metal particles intended to enhance its blast effect. The reactive flow model is used for the cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX) component, while thermally induced deflagration kinetics describes the aerobic reaction of the metal particles. The complex interfacial algorithm, which uses aligned level sets to track deforming surface between multi materials and to generate the random shape of granule elements, is described for aluminized and copperized RDX. Then, the shock-induced collapse of metal particles embedded in the condensed phase domain of a high explosive is simulated. Both aluminized and copperized RDX are shown to detonate with a shock wave followed by the burning of the metal particles. The energy release and the afterburning behavior behind the detonating shock wave successfully identified the precursor that gave rise to the development of deflagration of the metal particles.
Highlights
When a shock wave collides with a particle, complex flow structures are generated due to the distortion of the incident pressure wave and the shape deformation of the particles; the diffraction of the rarefaction waves develops in various forms due to the interactions between the shock wave and the downstream particles
An additional key feature of this process is that metal particles which are combustible can burn and spherically expand into atmosphere, which is a complex phenomenon not understood due to the interactions between a large number of metal particles and the strong shock waves generated from an energetic material [1,2,3]
This study considers a full-scale hydrodynamic process that includes a step by step description of how such detonation of high explosive with embedded metal particles of various shapes must be modeled and calculated
Summary
When a shock wave collides with a particle, complex flow structures are generated due to the distortion of the incident pressure wave and the shape deformation of the particles; the diffraction of the rarefaction waves develops in various forms due to the interactions between the shock wave and the downstream particles. An additional key feature of this process is that metal particles which are combustible can burn and spherically expand into atmosphere, which is a complex phenomenon not understood due to the interactions between a large number of metal particles and the strong shock waves generated from an energetic material [1,2,3]. Modern experimental techniques still lack the resolution necessary to capture these phenomena in extremely precise conditions on a length scale of several micrometers and a time scale of a few microseconds This leads to a motivation for conducting a series of hydrodynamic simulations for analyzing the interactions between metal particles and RDX in a composite mixture. Such heterogeneity in the energetic composition ensures an enhanced blast performance with a longer burning time at an extended blast strength. The computational work takes into consideration the randomness of placement, distribution, and shape of the particles along with the chemical reaction and deformation due to strong shock waves
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