Abstract
Gravitational wave astronomy has established its role in measuring the equation of state governing cold supranuclear matter. To date and in the near future, gravitational wave measurements from neutron star binaries are likely to be restricted to the inspiral. However, future upgrades and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors will enable us to detect the gravitational wave signatures emitted after the merger of two stars, at times when densities beyond those in single neutron stars are reached. Therefore, the postmerger gravitational wave signal enables studies of supranuclear matter at its extreme limit. To support this line of research, we present new and updated phenomenological relations between the binary properties and characteristic features of the postmerger evolution. Most notably, we derive an updated relation connecting the mass-weighted tidal deformability and the maximum neutron star mass to the dominant emission frequency of the postmerger spectrum. With the help of a configuration-independent Bayesian analysis using simplified Lorentzian model functions, we find that the main emission frequency of the postmerger remnant, for signal-to-noise ratios of $8$ and above, can be extracted within a 1-sigma uncertainty of about 100 Hz for Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's design sensitivities. In some cases, even a postmerger signal-to-noise ratio of $4$ can be sufficient to determine the main emission frequency. This will enable us to measure binary and equation-of-state properties from the postmerger, to perform a consistency check between different parts of the binary neutron star coalescence, and to put our physical interpretation of neutron star mergers to the test.
Highlights
Microorganisms are constantly challenged by changes of temperatures, pH, osmolarities or nutrient limitation in their direct environment
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was grown in nutrient rich Brock medium to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.4 and subsequently transferred to medium lacking organic carbon and organic nitrogen sources (Brock et al, 1972; Lassak et al, 2012; Wagner et al, 2012)
Cells were pelleted by centrifugation and the pelleted culture was resuspended in the original volume of 75◦C pre-warmed basal Brock medium lacking organic nutrients
Summary
Microorganisms are constantly challenged by changes of temperatures, pH, osmolarities or nutrient limitation in their direct environment. Knowledge on the stress response in Archaea is limited and it is not yet understood how changes in the environment are sensed and processed within the cell. Phosphate starvation negatively affects growth and leads to adaptations in the cellular proteome of S. acidocaldarius and it was proposed that the protein content of the cell is exclusive to certain stress sources (Osorio and Jerez, 1996). Altered phosphorylation patterns in proteins were observed under phosphate starvation, proposing a regulatory role in the cellular adaptation to external conditions (Osorio and Jerez, 1996)
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