Abstract
This paper describes a technique that has been developed to estimate the noise exposure of marine animals during seismic surveys. A seismic source model was developed to account for the directionality of many-element sources and was used to compute the source output as a function of frequency and azimuth. Sea bed, water column, and bathymetry properties were established for inputting to an appropriate sound propagation model, in this case the Range Dependent Acoustic Model (RAM). RAM was run for representative propagation paths at a number of frequencies spaced at octave intervals. The results were approximated by simple functions to allow rapid calculation of the received sound level for a large number of shot location/receiver location combinations. For a large number of receiver locations the number of shots were determined for which sound levels exceeded species dependent thresholds. These results were grided on an appropriate grid covering the entire survey area and presented in several different ways to highlight both spatial and temporal variations.
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