Abstract
Hydrogeological investigation of groundwater has been performed within Kasra- Nukhaib district (west Iraq). The physicochemical analyses of the groundwater samples collected from Um Erdhuma-Tayarat aquifer are used in determination of hydrogeochemical processes, hydrochemical facies, hydrochemical ratio, and saturation indices supported by phreeqc software. The monitoring network of groundwater quality consists of twelve physiochemical variables in twenty four water wells were determined, aiming to examine the hydrogeo-chemical phenomena which are benefit in groundwater development and support the plans of future uses (exploitation) and groundwater management. A hydrogeological model was prepared to examine qualitative evaluation of aquifers media related to geochemical processes. Spatial hydrochemical bi-models were achieved for quantitative interpretation. Various graphical plots such as Piper, Durov, and Gibbs diagrams are used in proving different geochemical processes. The results are correlated with standards classifications to deduce the hydrogeo-chemical phenomena. The results showed that the groundwater of Um Erdhuma-Tayarat aquifer has a property of Carbonate weathering represents the major hydrogeochemical processes. In addition, ion exchange and reverse ion exchange were two possible processes of water-rock interaction (e.g. dolomitization processes) within the hydrogeologic system. Also, the evaporation process and mixing action of recharge vadose waters, and ancient trapped fossil waters have a moderate effect on the evolution of groundwater quality. An increased salt content is observed in groundwater at different static water levels indicating mixing with various sources. The mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry is originally related to geogenic process. In addition, anthropogenic activities have not significantly altered the geochemical nature of groundwater in the aquifers system.
Highlights
The study involved a selected area located between longitude 42 ̊00'00'' to 42 ̊30'00'' and latitude 32 ̊00'00'' to 32 ̊30'00'' with a total area of 2600 km2 and elevation ranges between 280 and 360 meters above sea level Figure 1
The physicochemical analyses of the groundwater samples collected from Um Erdhuma-Tayarat aquifer are used in determination of hydrogeochemical processes, hydrochemical facies, hydrochemical ratio, and saturation indices supported by phreeqc software
The results showed that the groundwater of Um Erdhuma-Tayarat aquifer has a property of Carbonate weathering represents the major hydrogeochemical processes
Summary
The study involved a selected area located between longitude 42 ̊00'00'' to 42 ̊30'00'' and latitude 32 ̊00'00'' to 32 ̊30'00'' with a total area of 2600 km and elevation ranges between 280 and 360 meters above sea level Figure 1. The main hydrogeologic phenomena that deduced from the groundwater flow model (Figure 6), supported by equations No. and No. are briefly discussed as follows “The groundwater within UmErdhuma-Tayarat aquifer moves from the west and southwest portions in the area existed west Nukhaib graben and flows from the north portion in the area located northeast Nukhaib graben towards Habbariyia region and its suburbs area. This region represents a groundwater discharge zone due to intense exploitation and/or deep percolation throughout buried sinkholes and karst passages forming a boundary of captured zone.
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