Abstract
Performance modeling of the characteristics of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (MIR QCL) is an essential element in formulating consistent component requirements and specifications, in preparing guidelines for the design and manufacture of the QCL structures, and in assessing different modes of operation of the laser device. We use principles of system physics to analyze the electro-optical characteristics of high power MIR QCL, including thermal backfilling of the lower laser level, hot electron effects, and Stark detuning during lasing. The analysis is based on analytical modeling to give simple mathematical expressions which are easily incorporated in system-level simulations of defense applications such as directed infrared countermeasures (DIRCM). The paper delineates the system physics of the electro-optical energy conversion in QCL and the related modeling. The application of the performance model to a DIRCM QCL is explained by an example.
Highlights
Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) provide direct generation of mid-infrared radiation for several airborne applications
Quantum cascade lasers are a versatile technology which opens up new opportunities in civil and defense applications
In order to penetrate different application areas tools are needed which allow the system designer to assess the performance of these new laser sources
Summary
Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) provide direct generation of mid-infrared radiation for several airborne applications. Moving from optically-pumped solid state/OPO laser systems to electrically-pumped QCL is one way to reduce the heat load Another important factor is the improvement of the electro-optical efficiency, especially to bring the operating point of maximal electro-optical efficiency as close as possible to the point of maximal optical output power. Models describing the performance of QCL using efficiencies [5,6,7,8], an approach well known from solid state laser engineering [9], have been proposed They deal with QCL in the vicinity of the lasing threshold, taking into account the escape of electrons from the upper laser level and thermal backfilling of the lower laser level from the injector. The conclusion highlights the applicability of the model to represent the performance of mid-infrared QCL on a system level
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