Abstract
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is caused by cassava mosaic virus (CMV) and is transmitted by the whitefly vector called Bemisia tabaci. In this paper, the deterministic model for transmission dynamics of CMD is formulated by considering the whitefly vector, cassava resistant and susceptible breeds, and infected cassava. The basic reproduction number $R_{0}$ and sensitivity index for each parameter with respect to basic reproduction number $R_{0}$ are computed to determine which parameters are sensitive to the dynamics of cassava mosaic disease. Analysis shows that the death rate of whitefly vectors, the infection rate for susceptible vectors, the number of vectors that can be supported and the rate of loss of infected cassava due to disease are the most sensitive parameters to the dynamics of cassava mosaic disease. Numerical simulation indicates that, cassava new infections increase as the number of vectors that can be supported increase and acquire cassava mosaic disease. It shows that if control measures are not considered, then the susceptible breed and cassava resistant breed will be wiped out after five and ten months respectively. To control the disease, farmers are encouraged to apply control strategies such as spraying of insecticide, using of vector-resistant varieties, phytosanitation which involve the removal of infected cassava plants from the farm, crop hygiene and the use of free stem cutting method.
Highlights
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the crops which was firstly introduced in West Africa from Brazil at the end of 16th Century by Portuguese and spread to other African countries [3, 19]
Different causes for transmission of cassava mosaic disease have been reported, this includes the use of infected cassava stem, the use of infected plant materials by the farmers [12] as well as the use of Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) resistant breed which later becomes vulnerable to cassava mosaic disease [22, 25]
This paper studies the dynamics of cassava mosaic disease by considering cassava resistant breed which only catch cassava mosaic disease through unhealthy cutting and susceptible breed which catch mosaic disease through unhealthy cutting and contact with whitefly vectors before implementing controls
Summary
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the crops which was firstly introduced in West Africa from Brazil at the end of 16th Century by Portuguese and spread to other African countries [3, 19]. There are other 500 different plants including weeds and crops which are host to whitefly vector [15, 17]. The cassava leaves which are infected by the disease are warped, reduced in size and distorted with yellow color separating the ordinary green color which is the health part of the leaves. They deteriorate and the new leaves bend [7]. Studies have been conducted to analyze the transmission dynamics of cassava mosaic disease and the impact of different control strategies. This paper studies the dynamics of cassava mosaic disease by considering cassava resistant breed which only catch cassava mosaic disease through unhealthy cutting and susceptible breed which catch mosaic disease through unhealthy cutting and contact with whitefly vectors before implementing controls
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