Modeling the Chronotropic Effect of Isoprenaline on Rabbit Sinoatrial Node

Henggui Zhang,Jonathan Higham,Timothy Butters,Arun V Holden,Jules C Hancox,Mark R Boyett,Ismail Adeniran

doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00241

Henggui Zhang, Jonathan Higham + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00241

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Abstract

Introduction: β-adrenergic stimulation increases the heart rate by accelerating the electrical activity of the pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial node (SAN). Ionic mechanisms underlying the actions of β-adrenergic stimulation are not yet fully understood. Isoprenaline (ISO), a β-adrenoceptor agonist, shifts voltage-dependent If activation to more positive potentials resulting in an increase of If, which has been suggested to be the main mechanism underlying the effect of β-adrenergic stimulation. However, ISO has been found to increase the firing rate of rabbit SAN cells when If is blocked. ISO also increases ICaL, Ist, IKr, and IKs; and shifts the activation of IKr to more negative potentials and increases the rate of its deactivation. ISO has also been reported to increase the intracellular Ca2+ transient, which can contribute to chronotropy by modulating the “Ca2+ clock.” The aim of this study was to analyze the ionic mechanisms underlying the positive chronotropy of β-adrenergic stimulation using two distinct and well established computational models of the electrical activity of rabbit SAN cells. Methods and results: We modified the Boyett et al. (2001) and Kurata et al. (2008) models of electrical activity for the central and peripheral rabbit SAN cells by incorporating equations for the known dose-dependent actions of ISO on various ionic channel currents (ICaL, Ist, IKr, and IKs), kinetics of IKr and If, and the intracellular Ca2+ transient. These equations were constructed from experimental data. To investigate the ionic basis of the effects of ISO, we simulated the chronotropic effect of a range of ISO concentrations when ISO exerted all its actions or just a subset of them. Conclusion: In both the Boyett et al. and Kurata et al. SAN models, the chronotropic effect of ISO was found to result from an integrated action of ISO on ICaL, If, Ist, IKr, and IKs, among which an increase in the rate of deactivation of IKr plays a prominent role, though the effect of ISO on If and [Ca2+]i also plays a role.

Highlights

INTRODUCTION βAdrenergic stimulation increases the heart rate through accelerating the spontaneous activity of the pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial node (SAN; Abramochkin et al, 2009)
It is believed that this occurs through β-adrenoceptor mediated modulation of ionic currents that contribute to pacemaker activity; the precise ionic mechanisms underlying the effect of β-adrenergic stimulation are not yet fully elucidated
To investigate the underlying ionic basis the effect of ISO, we examined its effects over a range of concentrations on the currents responsible for the pacemaker activity of the SAN, and we have investigated the individual role of actions of ISO on currents of increases the Ltype calcium current (I CaL), I f, I Kr, inward sustained current (I st), and [Ca2+]i

Summary

Introduction

INTRODUCTION βAdrenergic stimulation increases the heart rate through accelerating the spontaneous activity of the pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial node (SAN; Abramochkin et al, 2009). Previous studies have shown that ISO increases the amplitude of the systolic rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cardiac cells (Ju and Allen, 1999; Huser et al, 2000; Shannon et al, 2004; Maltsev and Lakatta, 2009; Wu et al, 2009). This raises the possibility that changes to [Ca2+]i with ISO might contribute to the increase in firing rate via the www.frontiersin.org

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