Abstract
The present study evaluates and compares predictions on the performance and the approaches of the response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN) so to model the bending strength of the polyurethane foam-cored sandwich panel. The effect of the independent variables (formaldehyde to urea molar ratio (MR), sandwich panel thickness (PT) and the oxidized protein to melamine-urea-formaldehyde synthesized resin weight ratio (WR)) was examined based on the bending strength by the central composite design of the RSM and the multilayer perceptron of the ANN. The models were statistically compared based on the training and validation data sets via the determination coefficient (R2), the root mean squares error (RMSE), the absolute average deviation (AAD) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The R2 calculated for the ANN and the RSM models was 0.9969 and 0.9960, respectively. The models offered good predictions; however, the ANN model was more precise than the RSM model, thus proving that the ANN and the RSM models are valuable instruments to model and optimize the bending properties of the sandwich panel.
Highlights
A typical sandwich panel is composed of face sheets and a lightweight core with adhesives used to connect them
It is observed that a strong absorption peak at
3310–3340 cm−1 belongs to the —OH and amide-groups and NH2-group resulting from a stretching vibration band of the N-H functional group and the hydrogen bond [26] between the carbonyl groups of the peptide linkage in the protein and the wood surface
Summary
A typical sandwich panel is composed of face sheets and a lightweight core with adhesives used to connect them. The core layer offers a high load-bearing capacity coupled by a rather low weight [3] so that in many applications the structure’s stiffness is very important. All transverse forces that cause normal stresses in the core layer are frequently small, and a slight decrease in the core thickness should result in a further reduction in the flexural stiffness. The core is mainly exposed to the shear, and core shear strains cause both global deformation and core shear stress. In this case, the increase in the core thickness reduces the critical force and maximum shear stress [3]
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