Abstract
For the January 1985 smog episode concentrations of SO2, sulphate (SO4), NO x (sum of NO and NO2) and nitrate (NO3) have been calculated for north-western Europe by means of an atmospheric transport model. The unfavorable dispersion conditions (moderate to low wind speeds, a low mixing height and a strong inversion) and a reduced dry deposition over the snow-covered or frozen soil, in combination with increased space heating emissions due to the exceptionally cold weather, gave rise to high ground level concentrations. In order to study the effectiveness of control measures during this type of episodes, calculations were made for various emission scenarios. The results were evaluated for four receptor areas, two areas relatively close to the major sources (The Netherlands and the Black Forest) and two more remote areas (Scotland and the SW coast of Sweden, near Gothenburg).
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