Abstract
Stray capacitances (SCs) are a serious issue in high-voltage (HV) applications. Their presence can alter the circuit or the operation of a device, resulting in wrong or even disastrous consequences. To this purpose, in this work, we describe the modeling of SCs in HV capacitive dividers. Such modeling does not rely on finite element analysis or complicated geometries; instead, it starts from an equivalent circuit of a conventional measurement setup described by the standard IEC 61869-11. Once the equivalent model including the SCs is found, closed expressions of the SCs are derived starting from the ratio error definition. Afterwards, they are validated in a simulation environment by implementing various circuit configurations. The results demonstrate the expressions applicability and effectiveness; hence, thanks to their simplicity, they can be implemented by system operators, researchers, and manufacturers avoiding the use of complicated methods and technologies.
Highlights
The power network has undergone a significant revolution in the last few decades, due to the spread of distributed energy resources (DER) by intelligent electronic devices (IED), such as energy meters, phasor measurement units (PMUs), etc., and most recently, the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs), with their sales increasing daily
The paper is structured as follows: In Section 2, we provide an overview of the basic principles of a capacitive divider; in Section 3, we describe the modeling of the stray capacitances, in which the considered circuit is presented along with all the steps that lead to the final expressions; in Section 4, we validate and discuss the obtained results by means of a simulation environment; and in Section 5, we provide conclusions and some comments are summarized
This work differs from the existing literature because it treats stray capacitance with a numerical approach that starts from a simple equivalent circuit obtained from the standards
Summary
The power network has undergone a significant revolution in the last few decades, due to the spread of distributed energy resources (DER) (e.g., almost 35% of the total amount of production in Italy [1]) by intelligent electronic devices (IED), such as energy meters, phasor measurement units (PMUs), etc., and most recently, the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs), with their sales increasing daily These changes have forced utilities and distribution system operators (DSOs) to rethink ways to manage and control the grid, for all the considered voltage levels, i.e., low, medium, and high (LV, MV, and HV, respectively), to avoid serious complications due to the presence of such new actors within the grid. In this paper, HV capacitive dividers (CDs) are considered; in particular, stray capacitances between points at different voltages are analyzed and modeled. Where Z1 and Z2 are the complex impedances of the primary and secondary side of the circuit, respectively, which include the contributions of the ESR and ESL
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