Abstract
Solar desalination systems are characterized by low freshwater production compared with the usual techniques of mineral and salt removal from water. The usual methods include, but are not limited to, multi-stage flash distillation, multiple-effect distillation, vapor-compression desalination, and reverse osmosis. Solar desalination requires various modifications to make it more productive than the usual methods. The method is suitable for energy and environmental protection, making it the most effective system. The adjustments involve using the humidification and dehumidification principle (HD). The three configurations of the HD solar desalination system in this project are designed to accommodate variations in climate conditions and seasonal changes. Mathematical models are designed to test the workability of the system in an ideal environment. The models are based on universal fluid equations that regulate the functioning of each component of the system. After the model is designed, a regulation algorithm is designed based on the model. The simulation results show that the gain in freshwater production using a regulation algorithm is in the order of 33%.
Highlights
In the coming decades, the major challenge will be accessing fresh drinking water, especially in isolated sites
Social scientists predict that by the year 2025, at least 70% of the Earth’s population is likely to suffer from freshwater scarcity [1]
Scientists suggest that the answer to this problem is to make saline water fresh through environmentally friendly mechanisms such as the use of solar power
Summary
The major challenge will be accessing fresh drinking water, especially in isolated sites. Scientists suggest that the answer to this problem is to make saline water fresh through environmentally friendly mechanisms such as the use of solar power. Using other forms of energy, such as fossil fuels, will worsen the situation owing to global climate change and the heavy use of fresh water to cool the industry [2]. These novel methods have not yet been put in place as they are under development [3,4]. The solar desalination method is known to produce small amounts of water that may be insufficient to sustain the population. The production of the solar-based system (SBS) has been compared with other sophisticated methods, such as multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multiple-effect distillation (MED), vapor-compression desalination (VC), and reverse osmosis (RO)
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