Abstract
Woven fabric thermoplastic composites possess high specific strength and stiffness along with thermoformability. To utilize the full potential of these materials to achieve better crash-safe designs in automotive structural parts, the measurement of non-linear shear behavior and its material modeling for FEM simulations is required. The standard testing method was used to measure the pure shear behavior of woven fabric composites. These results were compared with the shear behavior of material in the presence of normal stresses along the fiber direction. Tensile and compression cyclic testing of ± 45° laminate were carried out to measure the stiffness degradation and hardening of the material in the presence of tensile normal and compression normal stress. A methodology is proposed for taking into account the differences in shear behavior under different loading directions in an FEM simulation. Based on the experimental evidence, improvements in the mathematical description of plasticity and damage in continuum damage mechanics models are proposed. The model was implemented as a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) for Abaqus. The experimental results from coupon tests were used to verify the results of a single element simulation. Finally, a three-point bending test was used to validate the predictions of the user material model.
Highlights
Woven fabric composites are increasingly being used in the automotive sector due to their high specific strength, specific stiffness, and specific energy absorption capabilities
The ability to predict the crash behavior of angle-ply laminates through FEM simulations, is just as important as it is along the fiber direction
Measured shear properties of woven fabric composite are dependent upon test type;
Summary
Woven fabric composites are increasingly being used in the automotive sector due to their high specific strength, specific stiffness, and specific energy absorption capabilities. Angle-ply laminates demonstrate non-linear behavior and high strains to failure This effect is more pronounced in the tensile/compression loading of 45° off-axis laminates. Ladeveze and LeDantec [19] were the first to use the Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach to model the non-linear shear behavior of uni-directional composite ply. This formulation takes into account the damage by use of damage variables and their associated thermodynamic forces, effective stress levels, and elastic and inelastic strains. State of the art material models ignored the change of shear behavior in presence of tensile and compression normal stress. Shear damage evolution function did not comply with experimental data This paper addressed these problems and improved material model is proposed.
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