Modeling severe functional impairment or death following ECPR in pediatric cardiac patients: Planning for an interventional trial

Abstract

AimWe aimed to characterize extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) outcomes in our center and to model prediction of severe functional impairment or death at discharge. MethodsAll ECPR events between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was severe functional impairment or death at discharge (Functional Status Score [FSS] ≥ 16). Organ dysfunction was graded using the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score-2, neuroimaging using the modified Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model FSS ≥ 16 at discharge. ResultsOf the 214 patients who underwent ECPR, 182 (median age 148 days, IQR 14–827) had an in-hospital cardiac arrest and congenital heart disease and were included in the analysis. Of the 110 patients who underwent neuroimaging, 52 (47%) had hypoxic-ischemic injury and 45 (41%) had hemorrhage. In-hospital mortality was 52% at discharge. Of these, 87% died from the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies; severe neurologic injury was a contributing factor in the decision to withdraw life-sustaining therapies in 50%. The median FSS among survivors was 8 (IQR 6–8), and only one survivor had severe functional impairment. At 6 months, mortality was 57%, and the median FSS among survivors was 6 (IQR 6–8, n = 79). Predictive models identified FSS at admission, single ventricle physiology, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) duration, mean PELOD-2, and worst mASPECTS (or DWI-ASPECTS) as independent predictors of FSS ≥ 16 (AUC = 0.931) and at 6 months (AUC = 0.924). ConclusionMortality and functional impairment following ECPR in children remain high. It is possible to model severe functional impairment or death at discharge with high accuracy using daily post-ECPR data up to 28 days. This represents a prognostically valuable tool and may identify endpoints for future interventional trials.