Abstract
A good understanding of the dynamics of psychological contract violation requires theories, research methods and statistical models that explicitly recognize that violation feelings follow from an event that violates one's acceptance limits, after which interpretative processes are set into motion, determining the intensity of these violation feelings. Whereas theories—in the form of the dynamic model of the psychological contract—and research methods—in the form of daily diary research and experience sampling research—are available by now, the statistical tools to model such a two-stage process are still lacking. The aim of the present paper is to fill this gap in the literature by introducing two statistical models—the Zero-Inflated model and the Hurdle model—that closely mimic the theoretical process underlying the elicitation violation feelings via two model components: a binary distribution that models whether violation has occurred or not, and a count distribution that models how severe the negative impact is. Moreover, covariates can be included for both model components separately, which yields insight into their unique and shared antecedents. By doing this, the present paper offers a methodological-substantive synergy, showing how sophisticated methodology can be used to examine an important substantive issue.
Highlights
Whereas this has undoubtedly furthered our understanding of psychological contract violations, an important downside of these studies is that they fail to capture the temporal, dynamic nature of the employee-employer relationship. Because these studies do not focus on particular events but rather on general experiences over an extended period of time, they are unable to tap into the two-stage decision-making process of violation feelings. This is an important limitation because a good understanding of the dynamics of psychological contract violation requires theories, research methods and statistical models that explicitly recognize that violation feelings follow from an event that violates one’s acceptance limits, after which interpretative processes determine the intensity of these violation feelings
We argue that dual regime models in general, and Hurdle and Zero-Inflated models in particular, deserve to be added to the toolkit of the psychological contract researcher because these models closely mimic the theoretical processes underlying the elicitation of violation feelings via two model components: a binary distribution that models whether an event in one’s work environment leads to a crossing of the acceptance limits of the psychological contract, and a count distribution that models how severe the negative impact of this crossing is
The treatment of violation feelings by these models strongly draws on a dynamic, event-based conceptualization of the psychological contract, according to which violation feelings follow from discrete events that exceed the acceptance limits of one’s psychological contract (Schalk and Roe, 2007)
Summary
Work and Organizational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Reviewed by: René Schalk, Tilburg University, Netherlands M. Because these studies do not focus on particular events but rather on general experiences over an extended period of time, they are unable to tap into the two-stage decision-making process of violation feelings This is an important limitation because a good understanding of the dynamics of psychological contract violation requires theories, research methods and statistical models that explicitly recognize that violation feelings follow from an event that violates one’s acceptance limits, after which interpretative processes determine the intensity of these violation feelings. We first give a short theoretical introduction to dual regime models, after which we show how these models can be tested in Mplus using an illustrative application with fabricated data
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