Abstract
We derived a simple model that relates the classification of biogeoclimatezones, (co)existence and fractional coverage of plant functional types (PFTs), and patternsof ecosystem carbon (C) stocks to long-term average values of biogeoclimatic indices in atime- and space-varying fashion from climate-vegetation equilibrium models. ProposedDynamic Ecosystem Classification and Productivity (DECP) model is based on the spatialinterpolation of annual biogeoclimatic variables through multiple linear regression (MLR)models and inverse distance weighting (IDW) and was applied to the entire Turkey of780,595 km² on a 500 m x 500 m grid resolution. Estimated total net primary production(TNPP) values of mutually exclusive PFTs ranged from 108 26 to 891 207 Tg C yr-1under the optimal conditions and from 16 7 to 58 23 Tg C yr-1 under the growth-limiting conditions for all the natural ecosystems in Turkey. Total NPP values ofcoexisting PFTs ranged from 178 36 to 1231 253 Tg C yr-1 under the optimalconditions and from 23 8 to 92 31 Tg C yr-1 under the growth-limiting conditions. Thenational steady state soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the surface one meter of soil wasestimated to range from 7.5 1.8 to 36.7 7.8 Pg C yr-1 under the optimal conditions andfrom 1.3 0.7 to 5.8 2.6 Pg C yr-1 under the limiting conditions, with the national range of 1.3 to 36.7 Pg C elucidating 0.1% and 2.8% of the global SOC value (1272.4 Pg C), respectively. Our comparisons with literature compilations indicate that estimated patterns of biogeoclimate zones, PFTs, TNPP and SOC storage by the DECP model agree reasonably well with measurements from field and remotely sensed data.
Highlights
Understanding biogeoclimatic controls and its spatio-temporal variability is essential to the quantification of the dynamics of biological productivity under a changing environment at the local, regional and global scales [1,2,3,4,5]
We present a simple algorithm of Dynamic Ecosystem Classification and Productivity to quantify the dynamics of potential natural plant functional types (PFTs), net primary productivity (NPP), and soil organic carbon (SOC) as a function of biogeoclimatic determinants that reflect the geo-referenced long-term mean bioclimate and apply it to the entire Turkey of 780,595 km2
Classification of biogeoclimate zones was based on the overlay of annual surface maps created by geographical position-sensitive multiple linear regression (MLR) models of MMTcoldest and BT, and by the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation of GSP
Summary
Understanding biogeoclimatic controls and its spatio-temporal variability is essential to the quantification of the dynamics of biological productivity under a changing environment at the local, regional and global scales [1,2,3,4,5]. Our current understanding of the seasonal and geographical distribution of the global terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) estimated at 56.4 Pg carbon (C) yr (on average, 426 g C m-2 yr-1) [6] and 59 Pg C yr-1 is based on the extrapolation of local and regional studies to the global scale (1 Pg = 1015 g) [7,8]. Dynamic classification of regional plant functional types (PFTs) in response to changes in forcing biogeoclimate variables such as elevation, geographical position, moisture index, biotemperature, and growing season precipitation is needed for a better estimation of the global NPP, sustainable management of natural resources, and modelling of biogeochemical cycles [9,10,11,55]. Due to the impracticality of continuous field NPP measurements of all ecosystem types at the regional and global scales by harvest or 14C-based methods, various algorithms have been devised to spatially interpolate biogeoclimatic datasets for each pixel of a gridded digital elevation model (DEM) [20] and to use them as inputs into processed-based ecosystem models [21,22,23,24,25,26,27]
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