Abstract
Throughput imbalances among contending flows are known to occur when any carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)-based protocol is employed in multi-hop wireless networks. These imbalances may vary from slight difference in throughput to complete starvation in which some flows are unable to acquire channel accesses. The root cause of such imbalances is the lack of coordination when CSMA medium access control (MAC) protocols are employed in multi-hop wireless networks. In this paper, we accurately predict per-flow throughput in general multi-hop wireless networks while addressing CSMA’s coordination problem. Unlike the previous work, our analytical throughput prediction model can clearly differentiate between links interfering from transmission range and carrier sensing range. Modeling of conditional packet loss probability and busy time sensed by each station is critical for per-flow throughput prediction in arbitrary networks. The calculation of both these parameters largely depends on MAC behavior due to geometrical configuration of interfering stations; we accurately compute conditional packet loss probability and busy time based on geometrical configuration of the interfering stations and predicted per-flow throughput. Our analytical results demonstrate improved accuracy, indicate throughput imbalances, and provide better understanding of CSMA-based protocol behavior in multi-hop wireless networks that can be used to design fair, scalable, and efficient MAC layer protocols.
Highlights
After quite a few years of research in multi-hop wireless network, we are still unable to see these technologies in widespread commercial use because of many reasons such as lack of experimental deployments and industrial entrust
With an objective to clearly differentiate between interference from transmission and carrier sense range, we identify and model four possible types of packet losses that can occur due to carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)-based medium access control (MAC) behavior in multi-hop wireless network: losses because of (i) sender sensing with probability pss; (ii) asymmetric incomplete state with probability pais; (iii) symmetric incomplete state with probability psis; and (iv) destination connected with probability pdc
We can see that the same throughput distribution trend among the flows in the network but the throughput predicted by the proposed model is less than that by the model in [1], and again, this is due to the fact that we have increased values for packet loss probability and busy time sensed by each node
Summary
After quite a few years of research in multi-hop wireless network, we are still unable to see these technologies in widespread commercial use because of many reasons such as lack of experimental deployments and industrial entrust. The main challenges in per-flow throughput prediction in WMN include accurate calculation of conditional packet loss probability and busy time sensed by each station The calculation of these both parameters is totally dependent on geometrical location of contending stations and clear differentiation between links interfering from transmission range and carrier sense range whereas prior art is unable to make this differentiation. With an objective to clearly differentiate between interference from transmission and carrier sense range, we identify and model four possible types of packet losses that can occur due to CSMA-based MAC behavior in multi-hop wireless network: losses because of (i) sender sensing with probability pss; (ii) asymmetric incomplete state with probability pais; (iii) symmetric incomplete state with probability psis; and (iv) destination connected with probability pdc.
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