Modeling operational behavior of plug-in electric vehicles' parking lot in multi-energy systems

Abstract

Development of distributed energy resources (DER) introduces high level of interdependency and the need for integrated models in a multi-energy system (MES). Moreover, highlighting environmental aspects facilitates electrification in the transportation sector and integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In this paper, aggregation of PEVs' batteries in parking lots (PL) is considered as a bulk electric storage in MES. The energy hub approach is employed for modeling MES considering PL. Due to the profitable behavior of PL in the reserve market, the energy hub model is modified to consider the reserve sources as ancillary services in the output energy vector. Moreover, the uncertain traffic pattern of PEVs' owners in PL is modeled by a stochastic approach. The numerical results demonstrate the proficiency of the proposed model, determining the changes in the behavior of other MES's elements in the presence of PL.