Abstract
The objective of this paper is to model viscoplastic rate-dependent hardening-softening behavior that is experimentally observed from hot mix asphalt (HMA) under repetitive creep and recovery loading in compression. A differential equation is utilized to incorporate the effects of the stress history into yield stress, and an internal variable representing rate dependence in the equation is set as a function of the viscoplastic strain rate to address the change in rate dependence of the material due to gradual hardening. Also, a separate rate-dependent function concept is adopted to describe the difference in rate dependence of the yield stress during unloading and loading. The developed viscoplastic model is applied using the time–temperature superposition principle and shows good agreement with the measured viscoplastic responses of HMA under repetitive creep and recovery loading with various load levels and rest periods.
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