Abstract
Upflow granular media filtration devices are widely used for stormwater runoff treatment. However, the system performance is not well characterized due to the irregular removal of suspended solid (SS) in the pretreatment (sedimentation) chamber and, hence, its irregular input to the media layer. In this regard, the performance of the granular media layer of an upflow filtration system is investigated herein by the use of various models. Due to the significant variation in the SS concentration of the influent and effluent to and from the media layer, the deep bed filtration model, the k-C* model, and the porous media capture model provide limited descriptions of the system performance. By contrast, the performance is well described using the kinetic model, the modified k-C* model using a specific deposit, and the modified porous media capture model using a specific deposit. The parameters of the latter models are shown to be in good correlation with the filtration velocity, SS removal, and specific deposit. The results suggest that modeling using a specific SS deposit can provide an accurate description of the granular media layer performance under a highly variable influent SS concentration.
Highlights
It has been shown that the pollutants from non-point, or diffuse, sources contribute significantly to the pollutant load in the water system, with up to 37.6% of rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, bays, estuaries, and coastal shorelines having their water quality adversely affected by such pollutants [1]
6.31 m−1 during the initial 10−60 min of operation and subsequently remain stable within the range of 6.02−6.31 m−1. These results suggest that a low filtration velocity (20 m/h) leads to gradual blockage of the pores in the media layer, and that uniform blockage occurs at 30 m/h
The Xσ was well correlatedthe with the media layer can successfully be described by the steady-state porous media capture model natural logarithm of operation time (ln(t)) at each filtration velocity and with the filtration based on the specific velocity at each operation time. These results indicate that the suspended solid (SS) removal in the granular media layer can successfully be described by the steady-state porous media capture model
Summary
It has been shown that the pollutants from non-point, or diffuse, sources contribute significantly to the pollutant load in the water system, with up to 37.6% of rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, bays, estuaries, and coastal shorelines having their water quality adversely affected by such pollutants [1]. For the Danjiangkou reservoir, China, the non-point source contributions to the chemical oxygen demand (CODMn ) and total phosphorus (TP) load were 68.4% and 82.9%, respectively [2]. The control of pollutants in stormwater runoff is of prime importance for controlling the influx of non-point source pollutants to nearby water systems, in urban areas. The pollutants of natural and/or anthropogenic origins in the air and on the surface are carried by stormwater runoff and deposited in lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and groundwater [1].
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