Abstract
The bioaccumulation capacity of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) including heavy metals has been well documented. However, its bioaccumulative efficiency for Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in nutrient-poor media is neglected. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the bioaccumulative efficiency of the water lettuce by evaluating the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and goodness-of-fit to regression models. Plants were exposed to various concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in tap water for 1, 4, and 7 days. Heavy metal accumulation in whole plant tissue was measured with ICP-MS. The highest bioaccumulation rate was recorded at 1 day exposure tests for both metals as 14.9 mg/kg for Pb and 2.21 mg/kg for Cd. The BCFs for Pb and Cd ranged between 0.13 and 2.39 and 0.08 to 1.24, respectively. The modeling of the BCFs and exposure duration indicate that all of the models developed were significant. The R2 values were higher for single metal exposure tests. The model fitted curves demonstrate the decrease in BCFs with increasing exposure duration in all groups. Our results indicate that water lettuce can be used to treat nutrient-poor media polluted with low levels of Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures for short incubation periods.
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