Abstract
Subcooled flow boiling is one of the major issues in the nuclear and power generation industries. If the fluid inlet temperature in the boiling area is less than the boiling temperature, the boiling process is called subcooled boiling. The symmetry of a physical system is a constant property of the system and is fixed by deformation. Using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces and broken symmetry induced by nanosized particles, fluid and thermal systems can be more controlled. In this study, the effect of a magnetic field and nanoparticles on subcooled flow boiling in a vertical tube was investigated. For this purpose, a one-dimensional numerical code was used to simulate the flow and variations of various parameters that have been investigated and evaluated. The results showed that as the flow entered the heated area, the vapor volume fraction, Froude number, fluid cross-sectional area forces, mixture velocity, fluid velocity, bubble departure diameter, liquid and vapor Reynolds numbers, squared ratio of the Froude number to the Weber number, and fluid cross-sectional area forces coefficient increased. In the same region, the Eötvös number, root mean square (RMS) of the fluid cross-sectional area force, sound velocity, liquid superficial velocity, critical tube diameter, bubble departure frequency, and density of the active nucleation site were reduced. It was also observed that after the heated area and under the influence of the magnetic field and the nanoparticles, the values of the vapor volume fraction, Froude number, fluid cross-sectional area force, mixture velocity, fluid velocity, vapor, liquid Reynolds number, and squared ratio of the Froude number to the Weber number were decreased. Moreover, there was no significant effect on the Eötvös number, liquid superficial velocity, Taylor bubble Sauter mean diameter, bubble departure diameter, critical tube diameter, bubble departure frequency, or density of the active nucleation site.
Highlights
Heat transfer problems have always been an interesting topic for researchers [1,2,3,4,5]
An increasing Lorentz force controlled the fluid coefficient, the cross-section, the water hammer forces, the two-phase oscillation frequency, and the variable velocities, while the root mean square of the fluid force increased. These results indicated that the bubble disintegration frequency, surface tension force, nucleation site density, bubble departure diameter, sound velocity, and superficial velocity were not affected by Lorentz force
The effects of MHD forces and nanoparticles on the flow were considered in this research, and the results of the parametric study show that the numerical results were close to the experimental results and were reliable
Summary
Heat transfer problems have always been an interesting topic for researchers [1,2,3,4,5]. Flow boiling has been extensively studied in recent decades. Boiling and the resulting heat transfer are phenomena that are important in nuclear reactions and in the critical state of power generation equipment. Steam bubbles begin to form and grow on the heated surface. The bubbles can slip on the surface or move away from the surface and condense in the subcooled liquid beyond the wall. This causes mass transfer in addition to heat transfer. Given the importance of the subject, much research has been done by researchers on subcooled flow boiling, which will be discussed
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