Abstract
This paper presents the circuitry modeling of the solar photovoltaic MPPT lead-acid battery charge controller for the standalone system in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A buck topology is utilized as a DC-DC converter for the charge controller implementation. The maximum power of the photovoltaic panel is tracked by the Perturb and Observe MPPT algorithm. The battery charge controller charges the lead-acid battery using a three-stage charging strategy. The three charging stages include the MPPT bulk charge, constant voltage absorption charge, and float charge stage. The performance analysis of the model is carried out in the following aspects, there are MPPT tracking performance, battery charging performance and overall charge controller efficiency performance are benchmarked with commercial MPPT charge controller for validation. The performance result shows that the MPPT is capable to track to the PV panel maximum point at any solar irradiance variation within 0.5 seconds with maximum power tracking efficiency up to 99.9 %. The three-stage charging strategy also successfully demonstrated. The overall charge controller average efficiency achieved up to 98.3 % which matches many high end commercial solar PV MPPT charge controller product specifications. This validated model contributes to a better sizing of PV panel and battery energy storage for the small and medium standalone PV system.
Highlights
Solar photovoltaic energy has gained significant attention in the past decade
This paper presents the complete modeling of the solar PV MPPT charge controller in Simulink and its performance analysis
The MPPT charge controller block output a PWM control signal to switch the switching device of the DC-DC converter. This is a common design for many commercial solar PV MPPT battery charge controller
Summary
Solar photovoltaic energy has gained significant attention in the past decade. It is one of the fastest growing renewable energy up to 181 GW installation globally as of 2018 [1]. This is due to the steady reduction of photovoltaic module costs over the past decade. The photovoltaic system relies on sunlight to generate electricity This limits its application to only day time when sunlight is available. To utilize solar energy at any time of the day including when sunlight is not available, battery energy storage is one of the solutions. Solar PV charge controller plays an important role to make this solution feasible
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