Abstract
AbstractIt is widely assumed that spoken word production inGermanic languages likeDutch andEnglish involves a parallel activation of phonemic segments and metrical frames in memory, followed by a serial association of segments to the frame, as implemented in theWEAVER++ model (Levelt,Roelofs, &Meyer, 1999). However, for Oriental languages likeMandarinChinese and Japanese, researchers have suggested that the serial association concerns atonal phonological syllables (MandarinChinese) or moras (Japanese) to tonal frames. Here, the utility of these theoretical suggestions is demonstrated by computer simulations of key empirical findings using versions ofWEAVER++ forEnglish,MandarinChinese (纺 织 者++), andJapanese (). The simulation outcomes suggest that, although languages may differ in the phonological structure of their words, the principles underlying phonological encoding are similar across languages.
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