Modeling of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide-Hexamine-Hydroquinone Gel System Used for Profile Modification Jobs in the Oil Field

Upendra Singh Yadav,Vikas Mahto

doi:10.1155/2013/709248

Upendra Singh Yadav, Vikas Mahto

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/709248

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Abstract

The cross-linked polymer gel systems are being used increasingly to redirect or modify reservoir fluid movement in the vicinity of injection wells for the purpose of permeability/profile modification job in the oil field due to their high temperature stability and capability to provide rigid gel having high mechanical strength. In this study, a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-hexamine-hydroquinonegel is used for the development of polymer gel system. The experimental investigation demonstrates that the gelation time varies with polymer and crosslinker concentration and the temperature. The mathematical model is developed with the help of gelation kinetics of polymer gel and using Arrhenius equation, which relates the gelation time with polymer, crosslinker concentrations, and temperature. The developed model is solved with the help of multivariate regression method. It is observed in this study that the theoretical values of gelation time have good agreement with the experimental values.

Highlights

E reservoir heterogeneity, permeability variations, and presence of fractures and fracture network in the reservoir are the main hurdles of the water ooding operations used to enhance the oil recovery from matured oil elds
It should be mentioned that Cr (III) based polymer gel system were reported to be stable at temperatures up to 300∘F [8,9,10]. e organically crosslinked gels developed using phenol and formaldehyde crosslinkers are thermally stable under harsh environmental conditions
To overcome the toxicity issues associated with formaldehyde and phenol, the formaldehyde can be replaced with less toxic derivatives like hexamethylenetetramine, glyoxal, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and so forth and phenol can be replaced with hydroquinone, resorcinol, pyrogallol, phenyl salicylate and so forth [11,12,13]

Summary

Introduction

E reservoir heterogeneity, permeability variations, and presence of fractures and fracture network in the reservoir are the main hurdles of the water ooding operations used to enhance the oil recovery from matured oil elds. E polymer gels block or reduce the permeability in high permeability channels and divert the injected water through the low permeability sections, which were not ooded or swept earlier, leading to improvement in oil recovery. For high temperature (>90∘C) reservoirs, acrylamidebased copolymers with organic crosslinking agents, such as phenol-formaldehyde and its derivatives, can be used to form a gel with thermal stability, and the gelation time is adjustable [15, 16]. E different methods are presented in the literature for the determination of the physical and chemical properties of polymer gel system such as bottle testing method, sealed tube method, dynamic shear method (rheometer), and static shear method (viscometer) Out of these methods, the bottle testing method is most suitable, faster, and inexpensive method to study the gelation kinetics [17]

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Results

Conclusion