Modeling of nonylphenol degradation by photo-nanocatalytic process via multivariate approach

Abstract

Modeling of photocatalytic degradation of nonylphenol (NP), an endocrine disrupter and toxic compound, has been investigated in synthetic aqueous solutions containing ZnO nanoparticles as semiconductor using multivariate approach. In this regard, a full factorial experimental design was performed in order to study the main variables affecting the degradation process as well as their most significant interactions. Initial NP concentrations ([NP] 0) of 0.454–9.08 μM, were treated with UV–vis/ZnO using different pH and nanocatalyst loading rates. Effect of experimental parameters on the NP degradation rate constant was established by the response surface plots. The degradation rate constant decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of NP, while it increased with ZnO loading until a concentration of 0.5 g L −1. The rate constant increases with increase in pH up to 10, after which a significant decrease is observed. The results showed that most influential factors on NP degradation constant are the [NP] 0, pH of reaction media, and ZnO loading rate, and the most significant interaction is [NP]-pH. Finally, two mathematical models have been proposed to estimate NP degradation rate constant ( k) on the basis of the significant variables and interactions. Predicted results of models showed good agreement with the experimental data ( R 2 = 0.83 and 0.93).