Modeling of mechanized cutting of fruit trees

Abstract

In the complex of agrotechnical measures for garden care, cutting is one of the most effective methods of stimulating plants. With the help of cutting, crowns of young plants are formed, during the period of increasing aging, the crown is rejuvenated to restore growth, increase productivity and quality of fruits. In the practice of gardening, thickened plantings are widely introduced, in which the number of plants per unit area is significantly increased. In growing fruit trees in a row close together. In such plantings, the crowns are formed with one, maximum two branching orders. This makes it possible to cut the crowns of trees from above or from the sides in the same plane, without violating the subordination of branches. Such cutting can be carried out using machines and thus significantly reduce the amount of manual cutting, which will be reduced to removing the conductor and thinning the thickening branches in the central part of the crown. Contour cutting helps increase the productivity of pest and disease tree control units, reducing the consumption of pesticides. Machines for contour cutting the crown must provide a high-quality cut of branches with a diameter of 5 … 75 mm. Studies of national and foreign scientists have found that segmental cutting devices satisfactorily cut branches up to 20 mm in diameter, and disk-type cutting devices cut branches over 20 mm. However, in gardens, branches of different diameters occupy a very different spatial position. To significantly expand the capabilities of machines with different forms of cutting (light, heavy), fruit tree crown cutters are often equipped with interchangeable cutting devices (segment and disk). This complicates the machine, but makes it possible to use the cutting device of the most optimal type when cutting in specific conditions.