Abstract
Inflicted blunt force trauma and/or repetitive acceleration-deceleration trauma in infants can cause brain injury. Yet, the exact pathophysiologic mechanism with its associated thresholds remains unclear. In this systematic review an overview of animal models for shaking trauma and their findings on tissue damage will be provided. A systematic review was performed in MEDLINE and Scopus for articles on the simulation of inflicted head injury in animals. After collection, the studies were independently screened by two researchers for title, abstract, and finally full text and on methodological quality. A total of 12 articles were included after full-text screening. Three articles were based on a single study population of 13 lambs, by one research group. The other 9 articles were separate studies in piglets, all by a single second research group. The lamb articles give some information on tissue damage after inflicted head injury. The piglet studies only provide information on consequences of a single plane rotational movement. Generally, with increasing age and weight, there was a decrease of axonal injury and death. Future studies should focus on every single step in the process of a free movement in all directions, resembling human infant shaking. In part II of this systematic review biomechanical models will be evaluated.
Highlights
MethodsMEDLINE (Pubmed) and Scopus® were systematically searched up to January 1st, 2017
The purpose of this review is to identify animal models specific for shaking trauma and their findings concerning tissue damage
The initial search resulted in a total of 4675 articles, of which 1977 eligible articles remained after deduplication (Fig. 2). 1954 articles were excluded based on title or abstract, leaving 23 articles for full-text assessment
Summary
MEDLINE (Pubmed) and Scopus® were systematically searched up to January 1st, 2017. Five search queries were built, using both free terms and indexed terms for mechanical models, mathematical models, and animal models that mimic IHI-ST (Appendix). Articles in Dutch, English, French, and German were included. Identified articles were de-duplicated in Endnote and subsequently divided into the three (physical, mathematical, and animal) study models. Two researchers (RR and MV) each assessed all articles in the animal subgroup on title, abstract, and lastly on full text, based on relevance for the understanding or explanation of (aspects of) IHIST pathophysiology. Manual reference snowballing of the included articles was performed by RR and MV. The main authors of the included articles were contacted for additional, possibly unpublished studies and information
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