Abstract
Sea outfall systems are preferred to refinery systems because of the assimilation capacity of the sea as an economical choice. If sea outfall systems are chosen, the location of the sea outfall is critical for preventing the return of wastewater to the coastal zone and recovery back into an ecosystem. On the basis of the regulation of water pollution control, bacterial concentration needs to be below a certain value in the protected area. The primary effects on dilution are coastal currents generated by wind and transport of wastewater in closed or semi-closed coastal regions, as found in Turkey. Accurate predictions of wind and wave climates and currents are critical in sea outfall planning. In this study, the wind climate is determined from the data provided by the Edremit and Ayvalık Meteorological Stations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational archive at the coordinates of 39.50° N–26.90° E. Wind, wave, and current roses are prepared by HYDROTAM-3D. CORMIX was used for the near-field dilution, and HYDROTAM-3D, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport model, was used for the far-field dilution of the pollutant. The results of near-field and far-field dilution modeling show that the sea outfall of Edremit–Zeytinli meets the legal regulations.
Highlights
The coastal environment is used as a source of food and recreation as well as a final sink for wastes.There is an obvious potential conflict
CORMIX2 was used for the near-field velocity, angle between current directions, and diffuser pipes
CORMIX2 is the submodule of CORMIX for multiport diffusers [19]
Summary
The coastal environment is used as a source of food and recreation as well as a final sink for wastes.There is an obvious potential conflict. The effluent density determines the behavior of the pollutant jet If water is shallow, as in the case of the bulk of coastal waters, the diluted waste mixture, with a density less than the sea water, rises to the surface, and it is further diluted by the sea currents and turbulence (far-field dilution) [4]. The near-field mixing is a result of buoyancy and initial momentum It is significant over distances of 10–1000 m and a duration of 1–10 min. The far-field mixing occurs because of the advection and diffusion by the coastal currents and turbulence. It is significant over distances of 100 m to 10 km and duration of 1–20 h [5].
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