Abstract
The issues related to the emission of atmospheric pollutants during the provision of energy supply services and the circulation of household waste in settlements are considered. The ways of air pollution of the residential area with toxic compounds, which are form by the existing methods of heat treatment of waste and during the operation of individual sources of heat supply for residential buildings, are analyzed. The issues of reducing the content of toxic emissions in combustion products are studied based on a numerical experiment using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Furnace processes in the energy boiler TP-14A (E 220/100) and the individual hot water boiler Vitocrossal 200 VIESSMANN are considered. The appropriate boundary conditions for the processes of aerodynamics, heat exchange and combustion of gas fuel have been defined. Numerical researches were carried out based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the closure of the equations using the two-parameter k-ε model. The combustion process was modeled as the transport of reactants Species Transport. The combustion calculations were performed using the Eddy-dissipation model. The scheme of a one-stage oxidation reaction to the final products of CO2 and H2O, the initial gaseous fuel — methane for the VIESSMANN Vitocrossal 200 boiler, and the products of coal dust gasification for the TP-14A boiler was used. The temperature, velocity and concentration fields in the boiler fireboxes have been determined. Based on the results of the calculations performed, the formation of chemical underburning and nitrogen oxides is predicted. The possibilities of numerical modeling of such processes are shown based on new directions in Chemkin modeling technology and the application of the ISAT algorithm. It is noted that they are also promising for modeling the kinetics of combustion processes using household waste as a fuel, but in this area of research, their application is still strongly limited by the computing power of available processors.
Highlights
Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с выбросом атмосферных загрязнителей при оказании услуг энергоснабжения и обращения бытового мусора в поселениях
Modeling of fuel combustion in boilers of large and small capacity to reduce the toxicity of combustion products
The issues related to the emission of atmospheric pollutants during the provision of energy supply services and the circulation of household waste in settlements are considered
Summary
Рассматриваются результаты численного моделирования топок парового котла Е-220/100 (ТП-14А, производитель ОАО ТКЗ «Красный котельщик») паропроизводительностью 220 т/ч и газового напольного конденсационного котла Vitocrossal 200 (производитель VIESSMANN Group) теплопроизводительностью 400 кВт. В используется двухпараметрическая k-ε модель, добав- качестве граничных условий для дымовых газов в выляющая уравнения генерации кинетической энергии ходном сечении топки задано условие Pressure Outlet турбулентности и ее диссипации. Геоиспользовать для моделирования кинетики химиче- метрия топки была создана в упрощенном варианте ских реакций с конечной скоростью в турбулентных средствами Gambit — Exceed и более точно при попламенах, хотя она и требует повышенных вычисли- мощи программного продукта Solid Edge. При задании граничных условий для боковых и торцевой тепловоспринимающих стенках топки принят одинаковый тип зоны «Wall», в тепловых граничных условиях Thermal ставится условие по температуре «Temperature»: для стенок с правой стороны (на входе газа) T = 300 K, для левого торца Т = 353 K. Расчетная сетка на поверхности и в объеме геометрической модели топки котла Vitocrossal 200, сгенерированная средствами Gambit Figure 3. Computational grid on the surface and in the volume of the geometric model of the furnace of the Vitocrossal 200 boiler, generated by Gambit
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