Abstract
The dependence of the efficiency of extraction of micro and macronutrients Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo B, K, Ca, P in the leaves and fruits of cucumber, tomato and red leaf lettuce on the emission spectrum of LED emitters and sodium lamp during cultivation on hydroponics was studied. The extraction coefficient, equal to the ratio of the content of elements in the leaves to their concentration in the nutrient solution, for trace elements depended mainly on the plant species, and for macronutrients – on the spectrum of the irradiator. When constructing the physicochemical model of the extraction of mineral elements have taken into account the dependence of the efficiency of photosynthesis from the external electric field, and polarizing and orienting effects in the conductive medium of the plants of charged metabolites and pigments that have dipoles in the ground and electronically excited states. It was suggested that the efficiency of extraction of elements depends on the coordination number, the electric charge, the mass and the radius of the ion. The extraction coefficients were linearly dependent on a physically based combination of these parameters and the slopes of their trends corresponded to changes in the extraction efficiency from the irradiator spectrum and plant species.
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