Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of epilepsy in the world is high, at about 0.5–1% of the world’s population. In 20–40% of cases, according to various sources, it is not possible with standard treatment methods to achieve control over attacks, which significantly impairs the patient’s quality of life, increases economic costs, and poses a difficult task for the doctor to select the optimal treatment to reduce the frequency of attacks. This explains the urgency of creating new and modifying classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), as well as finding optimal and safe ways of administering and delivering the drugs. To study the mechanisms of AEDs’ effect on various pathways of epileptogenesis, simulation of convulsive seizures and chronic epilepsy in animals is used; for this purpose, mechanical, physical, chemical, and genetic models of epilepsy are used. The present review discusses chemical models of chronic epilepsy, which are most often used in experimental neuroscience today. It also describes the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each of them, the specificity of the study where they can be used and the assessment scales for epileptic seizures in animals.

Highlights

  • The present review discusses chemical models of chronic epilepsy, which are most often used in experimental neuroscience today

  • Âîçìîæíîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ æèâîòíûõ ìîäåëåé ýïèëåïñèè, ìèíèìàëüíàÿ ëåòàëüíîñòü æèâîòíûõ / Ïëîõî èçó÷åí ìåõàíèçì ðàçâèòèÿ ýïèëåïòîãåíåçà The possibility of creating various animal models of epilepsy, minimal animal mortality / The mechanism of development of epileptogenesis is poorly studied

  • Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå âèñî÷íîé ýïèëåïñèè; âûñîêàÿ áèîäîñòóïíîñòü ïðåïàðàòà; áîëüøàÿ âåðîÿòíîñòü ðàçâèòèÿ ýïèëåïòè÷åñêîãî ñòàòóñà / Óðîâåíü ëåòàëüíîñòè áîëåå 50% Modeling of temporal lobe epilepsy; high bioavailability of the drug; high probability of developing status epilepticus / Mortality rate over 50%

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Summary

ОБЗОР И ЛЕК ИИ RE IE S AND LEC RES

Моделирование хронической эпилепсии на животных с помощью химических методов Егорова Е.В.1, Дмитренко Д.В.1, Усольцева А.А.1, Иптышев А.М.1, Шнайдер Н.А.2, Насырова Р.Ф.2. Ïî äàííûì Âñåìèðíîé îðãàíèçàöèè çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîñòü ýïèëåïñèè â ìèðå âûñîêà: çàáîëåâàåìîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 0,5–1%. Äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ ìåõàíèçìîâ äåéñòâèÿ ÏÝÏ íà ðàçëè÷íûå ïóòè ýïèëåïòîãåíåçà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ñóäîðîæíûõ ïðèïàäêîâ è õðîíè÷åñêîé ýïèëåïñèè íà æèâîòíûõ, äëÿ ýòîãî ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ ìåõàíè÷åñêèå, ôèçè÷åñêèå, õèìè÷åñêèå è ãåíåòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè ýïèëåïñèè.  ïðåäñòàâëåííîì îáçîðå îáñóæäàþòñÿ õèìè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè õðîíè÷åñêîé ýïèëåïñèè, êîòîðûå ñåãîäíÿ íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé íåâðîëîãèè; ïðèâåäåíû õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ìîäåëåé, óêàçàíû èõ ïðåèìóùåñòâà è íåäîñòàòêè; ðàñêðûòà ñïåöèôèêà èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ãäå ìîäåëè ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû; ðàññìîòðåíû øêàëû îöåíêè ýïèëåïòè÷åñêèõ ïðèñòóïîâ ó æèâîòíûõ. Àâòîðû äåêëàðèðóþò îòñóòñòâèå ÿâíûõ è ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ êîíôëèêòîâ èíòåðåñîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ïóáëèêàöèåé íàñòîÿùåé ñòàòüè. Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå õðîíè÷åñêîé ýïèëåïñèè íà æèâîòíûõ ñ ïîìîùüþ õèìè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ.

Îñîáåííîñòè ïðèìåíåíèÿ Application features
КОРАЗОЛОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ
Àáñàíñû Absence seizures
ПИЛОКАРПИНОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ
КАИНАТНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ
ОЦЕНКА ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИСТУПОВ
Ïðåèìóùåñòâà è íåäîñòàòêè ìîäåëè Advantages and disadvantages of the model
Status epilepticus
Ýïèëåïñèÿ Chronic epilepsy
Êèâàíèå ãîëîâîé Head nodding
Îòñóòñòâèå èçìåíåíèé â ïîâåäåíèè No changes in behavior
Íîðìàëüíîå ïîâåäåíèå áåç îòêëîíåíèé Normal behavior without deviations
Ñëàáîå ïîäåðãèâàíèå ãîëîâû Weak twitches of the head
Сведения об авторах
Findings
Author information
Full Text
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