Modeling of antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations in mice: An experimental approach precluding psychosis as a predisposing factor

Abstract

Despite benefits, atypical antipsychotics produce troublesome metabolic adverse effects particularly hyperphagia, weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance which further develop metabolic and cardiac complications. The animal models studied for antipsychotic-induced weight gain only focused on metabolic alteration in antipsychotics treated animals but none has considered psychosis as a predisposing factor which mimics the clinical condition. The present study was aimed to rule out the impact of pharmacologically induced psychosis-like phenotype on metabolic alterations induced by antipsychotics. Female BALB/c mice (weighing 18–23 g) exhibiting schizophrenia-like behavior after 5 days of MK-801 treatment (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered olanzapine (3 and 6 mg/kg, per oral) and risperidone (2 and 4 mg/kg, per oral) for six weeks. Acute as well as chronic treatment with olanzapine and risperidone treatment significantly reduced locomotion, increased feed intake and body weight in a time-dependent manner, which confirms the face validity of the animal model. Olanzapine (6 mg/kg) treatment significantly altered glucose and lipid homeostasis which was further accompanied by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, ghrelin and leptin. These metabolic and biochemical alterations have demonstrated construct validity. Further, no significant difference was observed in the metabolic parameters in control and schizophrenic mice treated with olanzapine which confers that antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations are independent of psychosis. Our study concluded that six-week olanzapine (6 mg/kg) treatment in control mice induced most of the clinically relevant physiological, biochemical and metabolic alterations (clinically relevant), that is independent of pharmacologically-induced psychosis.