Abstract
Discrete materials such as powders and granular materials have been widely used due to their specific characteristics. The precise evaluation is accordingly becoming important, and various numerical schemes have been developed. However, the interactions among the constituent particles are still difficult to model precisely. Especially, contact conditions, which vary with material properties and circumstances, are difficult to formulate. In this study, a computational model for simulating adhesive particles on contact in a many-particle system is proposed. The interaction between the particles was represented by a two-body repulsive force that depends on the distance between particles and an additional adhesive force at the contact point. A phase-field variable was introduced to express the surface of each particle, and the adhesive force was formulated using the phase-field distribution. As a result, the adhesion of particles was properly expressed. For a mono-particle system, neighboring particles adhered and uniformly aggregated, while for a dual-particle system, several characteristic patterns were obtained depending on the initial arrangement of the particles. Repulsive contact was also considered as a specific case, and the corresponding results were obtained.
Highlights
Solid materials can be categorized into two types: continuum materials, which include metals, ceramics, and polymers, and discrete materials, which include sands, powders, and other granular substances
A phase-field variable was introduced to express the surface of each particle, and the adhesive force was formulated using the phase-field distribution
Interaction was represented by a combination of two-body interaction and phase-field models
Summary
Solid materials can be categorized into two types: continuum materials, which include metals, ceramics, and polymers, and discrete materials, which include sands, powders, and other granular substances. There are several variations in such computational methods [6], one of which is the discrete element method or distinct element method (DEM in both cases) [7] [8] [9] Application of this method to practical engineering problems was once difficult because of the overwhelming number of particles but has become possible owing to rapid progress in computer technology. The contact of two particles is similar to the solid-liquid interface or grain boundary in a polycrystalline material represented in the conventional phase-field models, for. As a first step to model this problem, we propose a simple expression of the contact state in a many-particle system using a phase-field variable. Only a repulsive force was assumed in the two-body interaction to make evident the effect of the adhesive term using a phase-field variable. Where, d is the distance between the center of particles, Drp is the standard distance, and E is a parameter representing the strength of the force
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