Abstract
Abstract. Levee-breach-induced flooding occurs occasionally but always causes considerable losses. A serious flood event occurred due to the collapse of a 15 m long levee section in Qianbujing Creek, Shanghai, China, during Typhoon Fitow in October 2013. Heavy rainfall associated with the typhoon intensified the flood severity (extent and depth). This study investigates the flood evolution to understand the dynamic nature of flooding and the compound effect using a well-established 2D hydro-inundation model (FloodMap) to reconstruct this typical event. This model coupled urban hydrological processes with flood inundation for high-resolution flood modeling, which has been applied in a number of different environments, and FloodMap is now the mainstream numerical simulation model used for flood scenarios. Our simulation results provide a comprehensive view of the spatial patterns of the flood evolution. The worst-hit areas are predicted to be low-lying settlements and farmland. Temporal evaluations suggest that the most critical time for flooding prevention is in the early 1–3 h after dike failure. In low-elevation areas, temporary drainage measures and flood defenses are equally important. The validation of the model demonstrates the reliability of the approach.
Highlights
Flooding is a common and devastating natural hazard, causing considerable personal injury, loss of life, and property damage worldwide (Jonkman et al, 2005; Jongman et al, 2012)
We identified the location of the levee breach from the historical news reports and through field investigation
These results show the spatial and temporal evolution of the leveebreach-induced compound flooding during Typhoon Fitow
Summary
Flooding is a common and devastating natural hazard, causing considerable personal injury, loss of life, and property damage worldwide (Jonkman et al, 2005; Jongman et al, 2012). Engineering measures such as dikes and barriers are typically constructed in low-lying deltas and floodplains to prevent flooding. Levee breaches may result in extensive flooding and damages throughout the hinterland (Ying et al, 2003). A more recent flood catastrophe with more than 50 deaths and hundreds of missing people resulted from a dam breach due to a Himalayan glacier outburst flood in northern India (Devjyot Ghoshal et al, 2021)
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