Modeling of 3-D objects using geodetic and cartographic data and determining their volumes with an accuracy assessment

Abstract

The intensification of human activity leads to an increase in the volume of waste, accompanied by the emergence of new centers of their accumulation: dumps (often unauthorized) and solid waste landfills on the territory of functioning urban systems. This is what makes it necessary to control the activity of communal and private enterprises with waste disposal and the implementation of not only environmental, but also engineering and geodetic monitoring of their activities. For continuous processing and modeling in the work, it is proposed to use modern multifunctional geographic information systems (GIS), which allow creating digital terrain models (DTM) and visualizations, forecasting and analyzing the parameters of waste disposal facilities based on the topographic maps data and the results of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. For the resulting model, the volume of a complex body was calculated by the triangular prism method for two triangulated irregular network (TIN) models and by the cross-section method using the Simpson formula. The obtained numerical results of volumes by these methods are analyzed and formulas for assessing the accuracy of these calculations are presented. It was found that the root mean square error (RMSE) in calculating the volume using the Simpson formula is 7.52%, provided that a topographic map is used according to a scale of 1:25 000 and a relief section of 5 m. Interpretation of the results for other scales of topographic surveys made it possible to trace a systematic reduction of the error by half to 3.01%. (scale 1: 10000), 1.5% (scale 1: 5000), and for scales 1: 2000, 1: 1000, 1: 500 it is 0.75%. This allows us to draw conclusions about the objective value of the volumes, since the ArcGIS tools give only their values without assessing the accuracy, therefore, the estimates of the calculations by the method of triangular prisms and the method of cross-sections using the quadrature formula are the only guide in their assessment.