Abstract
By extending a well-established time-domain perturbation approach to dual-polarization propagation, we provide an analytical framework to predict the nonlinear interference (NLI) variance, i.e., the variance induced by nonlinearity on the sampled field, and the nonlinear threshold (NLT) in coherent transmissions with dominant intrachannel-four-wave-mixing (IFWM). Such a framework applies to non dispersion managed (NDM) very long-haul coherent optical systems at nowadays typical baudrates of tens of Gigabaud, as well as to dispersion-managed (DM) systems at even higher baudrates, whenever IFWM is not removed by nonlinear equalization and is thus the dominant nonlinearity. The NLI variance formula has two fitting parameters which can be calibrated from simulations. From the NLI variance formula, analytical expressions of the NLT for both DM and NDM systems are derived and checked against recent NLT Monte-Carlo simulations.
Highlights
It has recently been shown that, in high bit-rate coherent optical links with no dispersion management (NDM), the nonlinear interference (NLI) is a zero-mean signal-independent additive circular complex-Gaussian noise already after a few spans [1, 2]
In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), the nonlinear noise comes both from intrachannel nonlinearity and from interchannel nonlinearity
As we increase propagation distance, intrachannel nonlinearity eventually becomes dominant at baudrates in the range of tens of Gigabaud, such as those typically envisaged for modern coherent optical communications [9], unless some form of nonlinear equalization is employed [10, 11], [12, 13]
Summary
It has recently been shown that, in high bit-rate coherent optical links with no dispersion management (NDM), the nonlinear interference (NLI) is a zero-mean signal-independent additive circular complex-Gaussian noise already after a few spans [1, 2]. Building on a well-established time-domain perturbation approach [14,15,16,17], in this paper we extend the study of the nonlinear Gaussian model to the regime in which single-channel intrachannel four wave mixing (IFWM) is the dominant nonlinearity. Such a regime applies to both NDM and dispersion-managed (DM) long links at sufficiently large baudrates.
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