Abstract
Abstract The performance of commercial explosives is an important subject in rock blast ing modeling and simulation. As a result of its non-ideal behavior, these explosives usu ally react below their ideal detonation velocity. In these cases, the multi-dimensional effects, heterogeneities and confinement conditions become important for properly quantifying the detonation state. In this sense, an engineering approach to model two-dimensional steady non-ideal detonations for cylindrical stick explosives is used to quantify the expected detonation velocity for given reaction rate parameters and con finement conditions. Founded on an ellipsoidal shock shape approach (ESSA), the pro posed model combines the quasi-one-dimensional theory for the axial solution with the unconfined sonic post-flow conditions at the edge of the explosive. A mechanistic confinement approach is coupled with the ESSA model to estimate the effect of the inert confiner on the detonation flow. Finally, the proposed model is used to estimate the expected detonation velocity of two typical commercial explosives in a number of different confinement conditions.
Highlights
Since the ability of modeling is inherent to any optimization strategy, a reliable explosive energy release quantification is required for a more realistic rock blasting simulation
The explosive performance must be carried out using realistic approaches, such as those based on the Euler reactive flow analysis, and including Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), slightly divergent flow theory, quasi-unidimensional analysis or streamline approximations, and others, rather than those based on ideal thermodynamic codes, like CHEETAH, W-DETCOM, ATLAS-Det, and others
In order to explore some features of the Ellipsoidal Shock Shape Approach (ESSA) model and its potential application in rock blasting simulations, several detonation cases were modeled to observe the influence of different explosives, rock confinements and blasthole diameters upon the degree of the detonation velocity
Summary
Since the ability of modeling is inherent to any optimization strategy, a reliable explosive energy release quantification is required for a more realistic rock blasting simulation In this regard, the interest of studying non-ideal detonations is considered to be a fundamental step for further downstream mining modeling. Mining explosives are strongly dependent of blasthole diameter, densities, reaction rates, confinement and others These characteristics require the use of some classes of non-ideal detonation models to properly quantify the explosive’s performance. These methods must be able to describe the reactive flow solution of the problem, including pressure profiles, densities and others. A non-ideal detonation model based on the Ellipsoidal Shock Shape Approach (ESSA) is used to properly describe the in-hole confined detonation velocities of two different typical mining explosives in a large set of experimental and simulated data
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