Abstract
The energy performance of buildings and energy-saving measures have been widely investigated in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to buildings located in rural areas. The aim of this study is to assess the energy performance of two-story residential buildings located in the mountainous village of Palangan in Iran and to evaluate the impact of multiple parameters, namely building orientation, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), glazing type, shading devices, and insulation, on its energy performance. To attain a nearly zero energy building design in rural areas, the building is equipped with photovoltaic modules. The proposed building design is then economically evaluated to ensure its viability. The findings indicate that an energy saving of 29% can be achieved compared to conventional buildings, and over 22 MWh of electricity can be produced on an annual basis. The payback period is assessed at 21.7 years. However, energy subsidies are projected to be eliminated in the near future, which in turn may reduce the payback period.
Highlights
Energy demand has increased rapidly in recent years, posing myriad economic and environmental challenges worldwide, such as global warming
Various passive solar and energy-saving techniques, including double glazing openings, shading devices, and different construction materials, were applied to a two-story detached house situated in Sydney, Australia; the findings demonstrated that the application of passive solar methods and high thermal mass in buildings can significantly reduce the energy consumption [23]
The results indicated that the variations in spatial parameters could lead to a nearly 14% energy saving and 4% thermal comfort compared to the base case
Summary
Energy demand has increased rapidly in recent years, posing myriad economic and environmental challenges worldwide, such as global warming. 25% of global energy demand and 17% of global GHG emissions are attributed to residential buildings [4]. To reduce the excessive energy consumption of buildings, the concept of nearly Zero. Energy Buildings (nZEB) has been put forward. An nZEB can be defined as a high-energy performance building in which the energy demand is mostly met by on-site energy generation from renewable resources [10,11]. Building design features such as building typology, orientation, construction material, and HVAC systems can be optimized to minimize building energy demand. Renewable energy systems can be applied to meet the demand [12,13]
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