Abstract
The purpose of the present study is developing the operation mode factor (OMF) by remodeling the thermal efficiency model of a hybrid PVT collector during steady state. Joule heating occurs when the photovoltaic (PV) panel operates at a high current during maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on higher irradiation. Under these conditions, some electrical energy converts to thermal energy within the PV cells. Joule heating contributed to increasing the PVT thermal efficiency. The steps were to construct the OMF by remodeling the thermal efficiency involving the Joule heating effect and to validate the results using the model by comparing the simulation and experiment. The dimensionless OMF was responsible for changes in thermal efficiency for PVT-mode. The conductive heat transfer coefficient from the surface to the absorber was the most decisive component in the OMF. Heat removal factor and OMF might be interrelated at the mass flow rate by decreasing PV temperature to maintain Joule heating. The proposed model with OMF had explained PVT-mode and T-mode with the RMS value of less than 1%. This model complemented the results of the previous studies. The results may contribute from the initial design to the operational monitoring for thermal to electrical energy production.
Highlights
Solar energy is an abundant source of renewable energy
The thermal collector takes the heat from the PV module by circulating fluids, such as water and air
The purpose of this study is to develop the operation mode factor (OMF) by remodeling the thermal efficiency model of a hybrid PVT collector during steady state
Summary
Solar energy is an abundant source of renewable energy. It can convert directly into electrical energy by a photovoltaic (PV) module, thermal energy with a solar thermal collector, and electrical and thermal energy simultaneously with a hybrid photovoltaic (PVT) collector. A hybrid PVT collector attaches a PV module on the top of a flat-plate-type thermal collector [1]. The original idea was to control the PV module temperature as low as possible to maintain the electrical performance [2]. The thermal collector takes the heat from the PV module by circulating fluids, such as water and air. The total solar energy converted to electrical and thermal energy by the PVT collector can reach 60–70% [3]
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