Modeling Hydrological Regimes of Floodplain Wetlands Using Remote Sensing and Field Survey Data

Abstract

Understanding the variations in the water regimes of wetland ecosystems is crucial to analyzing the dynamics of wetland habitats under different water management policies and recharge conditions. A MIKE21 hydrodynamic model was constructed to simulate changes in the water level and flood extent from 1 May 2014 to 9 October 2014 in the Zhalong National Nature Reserve using field measurements, a digital elevation model (DEM), radar images, and climatic, meteorological, and land-use/land-cover data. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated and validated by water levels derived from hydrological gauge stations and water level loggers and the flooding extent was derived from multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in different periods to evaluate the suitability of the hydrodynamic model for simulating wetland hydrological processes. The results demonstrated that the hydrodynamic model could simulate changes in the water level and flooding of the wetlands in the entire hydrological year. Accurate simulations were obtained for both calibration and evaluation with high correlations between the simulated and observed water levels. The simulated fine-scale hydrological regimes of semi-enclosed floodplain wetlands could be used to understand the ecohydrological processes affected by different water resource allocation schemes.