Modeling hydration of graphene oxide (GO) – Does size matter?

Abstract

The biomedical applications of graphene-based materials become one of hot scientific and technological topics in the last few years. Flake graphene oxide (GO) is considered as one of the promising materials for biomedical use due to a number of specific properties, in particular in design of advanced drug delivery systems (DDS). The key factor in the formation of non-covalently bonded complexes for drug transport is the strength of non-covalent interactions of the carrier with both the drug and the environment. In the current work, we have focused on molecular modeling of solvation of zigzag-edged graphene oxide, functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl substituents. The hydration was determined from the magnitude of weak intermolecular interactions of GO with one or two water molecules. Our goal was to establish the dependence of the degree and type of functionalization, as well as the size of graphene flakes and the position of hydrophilic substituents on the number and strength of H-bonds. All calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYPD3BJ/6-311++G** level. The effect of water solvent was established using an explicit (discrete) model of solvent.