Abstract
Modeling hologenome imbalances in inflammation and cancer.
Highlights
Genetics play a pivotal role in cancer
Intestinal dysbiosis is a useful concept to describe harmful changes in the constitution of the microbiota. Another imbalance occurs during inflammatory bowel disease due to an excessive immune response to the intestinal microbiota, which in turn may lead to dysbiosis and perpetuate inflammation
Whereas studies on bacteria dominate the literature on the role of dysbiosis in inflammation and cancer, viruses were historically the first microbes to be linked to cancer
Summary
Genetics play a pivotal role in cancer. This is best exemplified in sporadic intestinal cancer development, which usually starts with mutations in APC in Ras, p53 and TGFβ (Sears and Garrett, 2014). Intestinal bacteria, diet and lifestyle contribute significantly to mucosal inflammation and cancer (Anand et al, 2008; Kostic et al, 2014; Sears and Garrett, 2014). Another imbalance occurs during inflammatory bowel disease due to an excessive immune response to the intestinal microbiota, which in turn may lead to dysbiosis and perpetuate inflammation.
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