Abstract

Designing supervisory controllers for high-tech systems is becoming increasingly complex due to demands for verified safety, higher quality and availability, and extending functionality. Supervisor synthesis is a method to automatically derive a supervisor from a model of the plant and a model of the control requirements. While supervisor synthesis is an active research topic, only a few reports exist on industrial applications. One of the reasons for this is the lack of acquaintance of control engineers with modeling and specifying in the framework of automata. In addition to this, there are no clear guidelines for obtaining the necessary models for synthesis. In this paper, we describe a general way of modeling for the plant and the requirements in order to contribute towards the acceptance of supervisor synthesis in industry. This way of modeling is illustrated with an industrial case study in which a supervisory controller is synthesized for the Algera complex. The Algera complex consists of a waterway lock and a movable bascule bridge. The supervisor has to control 80 actuators based on the observations from 96 discrete sensors, in response to 63 control commands available from the operator. We show how to model the plant as a collection of extended finite-state automata, how to model the requirement as a collection of event conditions, how to synthesize the monolithic supervisor, and how to validate the resulting supervisor using continuous-time simulation.

Highlights

  • High-tech systems have become increasingly complex due to the high demands from the market in terms of functionality, quality, and safety

  • In Theunissen (2015), a supervisor has been synthesized for the control of a patient support table for an MRI scanner based on automata models of the requirements and based on event-condition models of the requirements

  • To demonstrate the way of modeling, we report on an industrial application for which a supervisor has been synthesized: the Algera complex located in the Netherlands

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Summary

Introduction

High-tech systems have become increasingly complex due to the high demands from the market in terms of functionality, quality, and safety. The models follow the input-output perspective of Balemi et al (1993) They provide a method that derives conditions on the occurrence of events in the plant. In Theunissen (2015), a supervisor has been synthesized for the control of a patient support table for an MRI scanner based on automata models of the requirements and based on event-condition models of the requirements. It proposes guidelines to obtain the plant model and the requirement model, necessary for supervisor synthesis. It reports on a real infrastructural system, the Algera complex, for which a supervisor has been synthesized.

Case study: the Algera complex
Description and functionality of the Algera lock
Desired controlled behavior
Description and functionality of the Algera bridge
Description and functionality of the control panel
Preliminaries
Modeling of discrete-event systems
Finite-state automata
Extended finite-state automata
Modeling of requirements
Supervisor synthesis
Implementation of supervisors
Modeling method
Component-based modeling
The plant model
Boolean input and output signals
Integer input and output signals
Physical relation models
The requirement model
Event-condition requirements
Event-order requirements
Timer-based requirements
State-invariant requirements
Model development
Plant component templates
Single input - single output template
Double input - double output template
Traffic light template
User-interface template
Plant model of the Algera lock
Requirement model of the Algera lock
The gates may only open when:
When the emergency stop is active:
Plant model of the Algera bridge
Requirement model of the Algera bridge
Requirement model of the Algera lock-bridge combination
Simulation-based validation of the synthesized supervisor
Hybrid plant model
Visualization
Validation steps
Discussion
Concluding remarks
Full Text
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