Abstract
Poly(ether sulfone) and sulfonated poly(sulfone) nanofiltration membranes were modified by UV irradiation and UV-assisted graft polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP) as a strategy for increasing the wettability of membrane surfaces and mitigating fouling by naturally occurring organic compounds present in surface waters. The UV-assisted graft polymerization approach with 3% NVP and a reaction time of 60 s increased the wettability (increased cos θ) of membrane surfaces, which exhibited a significantly lower propensity to foul. For these conditions, clean water permeability and solute rejection (as organic carbon) were maintained close to that of the as-received membranes. Graft polymerization was carried out using two different methods. With the dip method, membrane coupons coated with a 3% N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone solution were UV irradiated under nitrogen. With the immersion method, membrane coupons were irradiated directly in nitrogen-purged 3% NVP solution. Both techniques increased membrane ...
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