Modeling Fast Charge Protocols to Prevent Lithium Plating in a Lithium-Ion Battery

Abstract

This paper describes a methodology to quantitatively devise a fast charge protocol to prevent lithium plating in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) cell. A lithium plating line was derived by detecting a voltage plateau that occurred during charging with a high current by differential voltage analysis (DVA). To account for the safe effects at a certain margin from the lithium plating line during fast charge, the novel index was expressed as a margin of safety (MS). Two-dimensional modeling was then performed to predict the charge curves and thermal distributions of LIB cell during various conditions according to the margin of safety. To validate the modeling approach for the design of the fast charge protocol, cycling tests were performed under five fast charge protocols and discharge. The higher the MS of the fast charge protocol, the better the performance and lifetime impact of the LIB cell.