Abstract
Models for pedestrian simulation are employed on a day-to-day basis for supporting the design and planning of the built environment in normal and evacuation situations. One of the aspects that are least investigated in the community, probably because it is considered closer to technology transfer than to research, is the modelling of operational elements of the simulated environment. The present paper briefly describes an agent-based approach to the representation of operative elements of the environment with particular attention to the mechanisms of interaction between these active objects and pedestrians.
Highlights
There are several extensions of the approach, for instance representing the effect of groups in the simulated pedestrian population [2][3], and for the management of aspects that are difficult to incorporate within a discrete setting, like heterogeneous walking speeds [4][5], and particular shapes of the simulated environment
We adopt this broad term to describe particular objects that are situated in the environment that is being modeled and simulated that influence the behavior of pedestrians by altering their velocity, due to the fact that they partly hinder a smooth movement, require pedestrians to perform some action to proceed, or that they purportedly limit overall flow, but that can influence tactical level choices, for instance due to the fact that unbalanced queues can form as a consequence of their presence
These objects clearly influence both the tactical level decisions (i.e. “if I need to pass through a certain turnstile I need a ticket, so I have to go to a distributor first”) as well as pushing agents to adopt some operational level alterations of their behavior, cooperating with agents and performing a regulation function [11]
Summary
There are several extensions of the approach, for instance representing the effect of groups in the simulated pedestrian population [2][3], and for the management of aspects that are difficult to incorporate within a discrete setting, like heterogeneous walking speeds [4][5], and particular shapes of the simulated environment (such as situations in which pedestrians perform circular movements [6]).
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